Nitrogen isotope constraints on Terreneuvian shallow-marine redox evolution in the Aksu area, Tarim Basin
1 State Key Laboratory of Continental Evolution and Early Life, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environment, and Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
2 Anhui Earthquake Agency, Hefei 230031, China
3 International Center for Isotope Effects Research, State Key Laboratory of Critical Earth Material Cycling and Mineral Deposits, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
4 School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Abstract

The Cambrian Explosion witnessed the rapid radiation of nearly all animal phyla in three distinct evolutionary phases. Recent studies from South China have proposed that the prevalence of suboxic environments in the Terreneuvian shallow ocean facilitated the diversification of lophotrochozoans with relatively low oxygen requirements during the second phase of the Cambrian Explosion. To further test this hypothesis, we present a high-resolution δ15N record from the inner-ramp Penglaiba section in the Aksu area, Tarim Basin, an independent paleocontinent with exceptionally well-preserved Terreneuvian successions. Our results document a progressive decrease in δ15N values from > +4‰ to < +1‰ in the lower unit of the Yuertusi Formation, followed by stable δ15N values of ~+3‰ in the upper unit. This isotopic pattern records a two-stage redox history for the shallow Tarim Basin, with progressive intensification of water-column deoxygenation succeeded by partial reoxygenation. Integrated with published regional δ15N data, our results demonstrate the existence of a persistent depth-dependent redox gradient throughout the Terreneuvian, with denitrification intensity decreasing systematically from anoxic deep-basin to suboxic inner-ramp environments. These findings provide cross-basin validation for the hypothesis that stepwise oxygenation of the shallow ocean modulated the multi-phase evolutionary trajectory of metazoans during the Cambrian Explosion.

Keywords

Yuertusi Formation; Terreneuvian; nitrogen isotope; suboxic; depth gradient

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